{"id":1415,"date":"1999-12-01T23:21:44","date_gmt":"1999-12-01T23:21:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.comw.org\/pda\/?p=1415"},"modified":"2012-11-09T20:35:37","modified_gmt":"2012-11-09T20:35:37","slug":"europes-armed-forces-at-the-millennium-a-case-study-of-change-in-france-the-united-kingdom-and-germany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comw.org\/pda\/europes-armed-forces-at-the-millennium-a-case-study-of-change-in-france-the-united-kingdom-and-germany\/","title":{"rendered":"Europe’s Armed Forces at the Millennium: A Case Study of Change in France, the United Kingdom, and Germany"},"content":{"rendered":"
(HTML version)<\/a> by Dr. Lutz Unterseher<\/a>, chair, International Study Group on Alternative Security Policy (SAS), PDA Briefing Report #11<\/em>, December 1999. Many European nations are re-thinking their post-Cold War military requirements in light of NATO’s new strategic concept and the experience of the Kosovo war. This article analyzes the process of defense restructuring and modernization in France, the United Kingdom, and Germany. In each case, it offers an overview of current military posture and closely examines the plans for change in force structure, equipment procurement, and personnel policies, attending to various constraints on defense planning, including military traditions, economic conditions, and domestic politics.<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(HTML version) by Dr. Lutz Unterseher, chair, International Study Group on Alternative Security Policy (SAS), PDA Briefing Report #11, December 1999. Many European nations are re-thinking their post-Cold War military requirements in light of NATO’s new<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10167552604075290_133638503385018":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[10,22,32,3,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-defense-budget","category-europe","category-guest","category-publications","category-regional-security"],"yoast_head":"\nEurope's Armed Forces at the Millennium: A Case Study of Change in France, the United Kingdom, and Germany – Project on Defense Alternatives<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/comw.org\/pda\/europes-armed-forces-at-the-millennium-a-case-study-of-change-in-france-the-united-kingdom-and-germany\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Europe's Armed Forces at the Millennium: A Case Study of Change in France, the United Kingdom, and Germany – Project on Defense Alternatives\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(HTML version) by Dr. Lutz Unterseher, chair, International Study Group on Alternative Security Policy (SAS), PDA Briefing Report #11, December 1999. Many European nations are re-thinking their post-Cold War military requirements in light of NATO’s new\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/comw.org\/pda\/europes-armed-forces-at-the-millennium-a-case-study-of-change-in-france-the-united-kingdom-and-germany\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Project on Defense Alternatives\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Project-on-Defense-Alternatives\/133638503385018\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"1999-12-01T23:21:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2012-11-09T20:35:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cknight\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@defensealt\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@defensealt\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" 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