Sponsored by Project on Defense Alternatives            Editor: Carl Conetta.            05 February 2008

TERRORISM, ITS NATURE AND SOURCES

Terrorism, its nature and sources
Terrorist groups, incidents, targets
Financial Aspects
Bin Laden and Al Qaeda
Counter-terror strategy & programs
US War on Terror:
     Plans, Costs, Effects
Legal Issues & Human Rights
Terrorism & WMDs
Terrorism & Informational Warfare
Terrorism &
     regional security issues
Sept. 11 attack
Resource sites


Overviews
Organization & cost
Armed forces roles and issues
Intelligence and warning
General Transport
Aviation
Rail & Road
Port & Maritime
Border & Immigration
Critical infrastructure
Cyber security
First responders &
     local preparedness
Health system preparedness
Securing agriculture
Miscellaneous problems & Issues
Technology & techniques
Legislation & legal issues
WMDs and homeland security
Resource sites

RMA

CMP

WAR REPORT

DEFENSE STRATEGY REVIEW

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Terrorist Factions
Ethan Bueno de Mesquita. 06 October 2008 (.pdf file).

Terrorism's Fifth Wave: A Theory, a Conundrum and a Dilemma
Jeffrey Kaplan. Perspectives on Terrorism, Terrrorism Research Initiative, February 2008.

Terrorism's Fifth Wave: Part II
Perspectives on Terrorism, Terrrorism Research Initiative, February 2008.

Inside Track: Al-Qaeda's Double Appeal
Ximena Ortiz. National Interest, 14 December 2007.

Weak States, State Failure and Terrorism
Edward Newman. Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, St. Andrews University, December 2007.

Liquid Terror: The Dynamics of Homegrown Radicalisation
Waleed Aly. Lowy Institute for International Policy, December 2007. Posted on the Commonwealth Institute website (.pdf file).

The Myth of the Failed State and the War on Terror: A Challenge to the Conventional Wisdom
Aidan Hehir. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 01 November 2007. Posted on the Commonwealth Institute website (.pdf file).

Muslims and the Tale of Two Continents
Shada Islam. Yale Global, 14 September 2007.

Suicide Attacks in Afghanistan (2001-2007)
U.N. Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, 01 September 2007 (.pdf file)

Rethinking Transnational Counterterrorism: Beyond a National Framework
Jeremy Pressman. The Washington Quarterly, Autumn 2007. Posted on the Commonwealth Institute website (.pdf file).

The Debate Over 'New' vs. 'Old' Terrorism
Martha Crenshaw. Prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, 30 August - 02 September 2007 (.pdf file).

Does Poverty Cause Terrorism?
Andrew Whitehead. Homeland Security Policy Institute, 21 August 2007 (.pdf file).

Meet the New Face of Terror
Peter Bergen. Washington Post, 12 August 2007. Posted on The New America Foundation website.

On Ethnic Conflict and the Origins of Terrorism
Atin Basuchoudhary and William F. Shughart II. University of Mississippi, August 2007 (.pdf file).

Terror's Digital Jihad
G.I. Wilson. Webster University, 31 July 2007 (.pdf file).

Journey of Death: Suicide Bombers in Iraq
Christina Caan. U.S. Institute of Peace, July 2007.

Bomb Making Skills Spread Globally
Stew Magnuson. National Defense, June 2007.

The Shape of Things to Come? Assessing the Effectiveness of Suicide Attacks and Targeted Killings
David A. Jaeger and M. Daniele Paserman. Institute for the Study of Labor, June 2007 (.pdf file).

Why So Little? The Palestinian Terrorist Organizations and Unconventional Terrorism
Ehud Sprinzak and Ely Karmon. International Institute for Counter-Terrorism, The Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel, June 2007.

Terrorist Precursor Crimes: Issues and Options for Congress
Siobhan O'Neil. Congressional Research Service, 24 May 2007.

Modeling Sociopolitical Support of Terrorist Networks
Dr. Maksim Tsvetovat. Slonim Consulting Group, 23 May 2007 (.pdf file).

The Father of the Taliban: An Interview with Maulana Sami ul-Haq
Imtiaz Ali. Terrorism Monitor. Jamestown Foundation, 23 May 2007 (.pdf file).

The Rise of Low-Tech Terrorism
Daniel L. Byman. The Washington Post, 06 May 2007. Posted on the Brookings Institution website.

Switching Sides: Inside the Enemy Camp
Bob Simon. 60 Minutes, CBS News, 06 May 2007.

The Causes of Violent Jhadism
Bernard I. Finel. American Security Project, May 2007 (.pdf file).

Home-Grown Nihilism: The Clash Within Civilizaitons
Bill Durodié. Journal of Homeland Security, May 2007.

The Terrorist's Challenge: Security, Efficiency, Control
Jacob N. Shapiro. University of California Institute of Global Conflict and Cooperation, 26 April 2007 (.pdf file).

Gangs, Terrorists, and Trade
Adam Elkus. Foreign Policy in Focus, 12 April 2007.

Building an Army of Believers: Jihadist Radicalization and Recruitment
Brian Michael Jenkins. Testimony before the Subcommittee on Intelligence, Information Sharing and Terrorism Risk Assessment, House Homeland Security Committee, 05 April 2007 (.pdf file). Posted on the RAND website.

Shock and Awe: Suicide Terrorism
G. I. Wilson and John P. Sullivan. Military.com, 04 April 2007. Posted on the Defense and the National Interest website.

The Myth of the Invincible Terrorist
Christopher C. Harmon. Policy Review, April/May 2007.

The Propaganda of the Deed: Terrorism, Counterterrorism and Mobilization
Ethan Bueno de Mesquita and Eric S. Dickson. American Journal of Political Science, April 2007 (.pdf file).

Radicalization: Behind Bars and Beyond Borders
Frank J. Cilluffo. Brown Journal of World Affairs, Spring/Summer 2007 (.pdf file).

Does Terror Threaten Human Rights? Evidence from Panel Data
Axel Dreher, Martin Gassebner, Lars-H. Siemers. Social Science Research Network, March 2007.

Terror Networks and Sacred Values
Scott Atran, et. al. Political Violence Report, March 2007. Posted on the University of Michigan website (.pdf file).

On Gangs, Crime and Terrorism
Gary I. Wilson and John P. Sullivan. Defense and the National Interest, 28 February 2007 (.pdf file).

Aviation Terrorism: From Bargaining Chip to Strategic Agent
Hillel Avihai. International Institute for Counter-Terrorism, The Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel, 20 February 2007.

The Nature of the Terrorist Threat
Daniel Benjamin. Testimony before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats and Capabilities, House Armed Services Committee, 14 February 2007. Posted on the Brookings Institution website (.pdf file).

The Use of Violence by Ethnopolitical Organizations in the Middle East
Jonathan Wilkenfeld and Victor Asal. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, February 2007 (.pdf file).

Report of the Future of Terrorism Task Force
Homeland Security Advisory Council, January 2007 (.pdf file).

Suicide Terrorism, Occupation and the Globalization of Martyrdom: A Critique of Dying to Win
Assaf Moghadam. Fletcher School, Tufts University and the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, 2007 (.pdf file).

Sharing the Dragon's Teeth: Terrorist Groups and the Exchange of New Technologies
Kim Cragin, et. al. RAND, 2007 (.pdf file).

The Radicalization of Diasporas and Terrorism
Bruce Hoffman et al. Joint conference by the RAND Corporation and the Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich, 2007 (.pdf file).

Applying Analytical Methods to Study Terrorism
Todd Sandler and Walter Enders. International Studies Perspectives, 2007 (.pdf file).

Terrorism as a Disease: An Epidemiological Model for Countering Islamist Extremism
Paul B. Stares and Mona Yacoubian. Ridgway Center for International Security Studies, University of Pittsburgh, 2007 (.pdf file).

Warlordism in Comparative Perspective
Kimberly Marten. International Security, Winter 2006/2007. Posted on the Commonwealth Institute website (.pdf file).

The Resiliency of Terrorist Havens: A Social Mobilization Theory Approach
Robert W. Johnston. Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006 (.pdf file).

Small Investments and Large Returns: Terrorism, Media and the Economy
Rafi Melnick and Rafi Eldor. The Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel, December 2006 (.pdf file).

The State Of Moro Self-Determination: An Unfinished Business of America
Datu Ishak Mastura. Lecture at the U.S. Institute of Peace, 17 November 2006 (Note: Will open as a .pdf file).

Suicide Terrorism and Democracy
Robert A. Pape. Policy Analysis, CATO Institute, 01 November 2006 (.pdf file).

What Makes a Muslim Radical?
John L. Esposito and Dalia Mogahed. Foreign Policy, November 2006 (.pdf file).

Modeling Jihad: A System Dynamics Model of the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat Financial Subsystem
Alex Grynkewich and Chris Reifel. Strategic Insights, Center for Contemporary Conflict, November 2006.

Viewpoint: The Virtual Ummah
Philip Seib. Strategic Insights, Center for Contemporary Conflict, November 2006 (.pdf file).

CTC's Jihadi After Action Report: Paradigmatic Jihadi Movements
David Cook. Combating Terrorism Center, October 2006 (.pdf file).

Why Terrorism Does Not Work
Max Abrahms. International Security, Fall 2006. Posted on the Commonwealth Institute website (.pdf file).

Middle East Quagmire
Nicholas Berry. Foreign Policy Forum, 26 July 2006.

The Two Faces of Militant Islam
Christopher Swift. Asia Times, 12 July 2006.

American Foreign Policy and Islamic Renewal
Abdelslam M. Maghraoui. U.S. Institute of Peace, July 2006 (.pdf file).

The Future of Terrorism
Discover, July 2006. Posted on the Discover Magazine website.

Jihad Without Rules: The Evolution of al-Takfir wa al-Hijra
Hayder Mili. Terrorism Monitor. The Jamestown Foundation, 29 June 2006.

The Global Jihad: Leaderless Terrorism?
Dennis Pluchnsky. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 20 June 2006 (.pdf file).

Counterterrorism: The Changing Face of Terror
Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, 13 June 2006.

The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism
David C. Rapoport. Department of Political Science, UCLA, 05 June 2006 (.pdf file).

The Role of Kinship in Indonesia's Jemaah Islamiya
Noor Hudo Ismail. Terrorism Monitor. The Jamestown Foundation, 02 June 2006.

The Management of Savagery: The Most Critical Stage Through Which the Umma Will Pass
Abu Bakr Naji. Translated by William McCants, sponsored by the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University, 23 May 2006 (.pdf file).

Understanding Somali Islamism
Anouar Boukhars. Terrorism Monitor. The Jamestown Foundation, 18 May 2006.

The Increasing Radicalization of European Muslims
Mia Bloom. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 15 May 2006.

Reinforcing the Mujahideen: Origins of Jihadi Manpower
Michael Scheuer. Terrorism Focus. The Jamestown Foundation, 09 May 2006.

Radical Networks in Middle East Prisons
Chris Zambelis. Terrorism Monitor. The Jamestown Foundation, 04 May 2006.

What Do Islamists Really Want?: An Insider's Discussion with Islamist Leaders
Abdeslam Maghraoui. U.S. Institute of Peace, May 2006.

Global Network Terrorism
Scott Atran. Air War College, 28 April 2006 (.pdf file).

Tomgram: Mike Davis, 'Return to Sender' (Car Bombs, Part 2)
Mike Davis. Tom Dispatch, 14 April 2006.

Tomgram: Mike Davis on the History of the Car Bomb
Mike Davis. Tom Dispatch, 12 April 2006.

Human Bombs: Rethinking Religion and Terror
Nichole Argo. MIT Center for International Studies, April 2006 (.pdf file).

Currents and Crosscurrents of Radical Islamism
Center for Strategic and International Studies, April 2006 (.pdf file).

Secret Camps Offer Operational Courses in Jihad Tactics
Stephen Ulph. Terrorism Focus. The Jamestown Foundation, 28 March 2006.

Afghanistan and the Logic of Suicide Terrorism
Hekmat Karzai. Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Singapore, 27 March 2006 (.pdf file).

Contemporary Radical Islam as a Consequence of Traditional Legacies and Globalization? A Case Study of the Southern Philippines
Tonya M. Klempp. Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006 (.pdf file).

The Moral Logic and Growth of Suicide Terrorism
Scott Atran. The Washington Quarterly, Spring 2006. Posted on the Commonwealth Institute website (.pdf file).

Future of Terrorism: A Critical Appraisal
Shireen M. Mazari. Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad, Spring 2006.

The 'Problems of Mobilization' and the Analysis of Armed Groups
Anthony Vinci. Parameters, Spring 2006 (.pdf file).

The (Not So) Untouchables
Pavel Ivanov. The Journal of International Security Affairs, Spring 2006.

The Islamic Traditions of Wahhabism and Salafiyya
Christopher M. Blanchard. Congressional Research Service, 25 January 2006 (.pdf file).

Islamic Religious Schools, Madrasas: Background
Christopher M. Blanchard. Congressional Research Service, 10 January 2006 (.pdf file).

Two Justifications for Terrorism: A Moral Legal Response
Ben Saul. Foreign Policy In Focus, 10 January 2006 (.pdf file).

Afghanistan and the Globalization of Terrorist Tactics
Hekmat Karzai. Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Singapore, 04 January 2006 (.pdf file).

Cold War, Holy Warrior
Robert Dreyfuss. Mother Jones, January/February 2006.

Islam and Democracy
Canadian Centre for Intelligence and Security Studies, Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, January 2006.

Islam, Islamism and Terrorism
Col. Norvell B. De Atkine. Army, January 2006.

Weak States and Global Threats: Assessing Evidence of 'Spillovers'
Stewart Patrick. Center for Global Development, January 2006. Posted on the Commonwealth Institute website (.pdf file).

Beyond al-Qaeda: Part 2, The Outer Rings of the Terrorist Universe
Angel Rabasa, et. al. RAND, 2006.

Beyond al-Qaeda: Part 1, The Global Jihadist Movement
Angel Rabasa, et. al. RAND, 2006.

Current Trends in Islamist Ideology
Hillel Fradkin, Husain Haqqani and Eric Brown, eds. Hudson Institute, 2006 (.pdf file).

The New Age of Terrorism
Brian Michael Jenkins. Ch 8 of the McGraw-Hill Homeland Security Handbook, 2006. Posted on the RAND website (.pdf file).

Al-Qaida: Terrorist Selection and Recruitment
Scott Gerwehr and Sara Daly. Ch 5 of the McGraw-Hill Homeland Security Handbook, 2006. Posted on the RAND website (.pdf file).

Mao in Mufti? Insurgency Theory and the Islamic World
John W. Jandora. Small Wars Journal, 2006.

Jihad Unintended
Dimitri Simes. The National Interest, Winter 2005/06. Posted on the Parapundit website.

Current Trends in the Ideology of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood
Israel Elad Altman. Hudson Institute, 28 December 2005 (.pdf file).

Murdercide
Michael Shermer. Scientific American, 26 December 2005.

The Bomber Behind the Veil
Farhana Ali. Baltimore Sun, 13 December 2005. Posted on the RAND website.

Inside the Madrasas
William Dalrymple. The New York Review of Books, 01 December 2005.

'Ordinary People' and 'Death Work': Palestinian Suicide Bombers as Victimizers and Victims
Anat Berko and Edna Erez. Violence and Victims, December 2005. Posted on the University of Pennsylvania website (.pdf file).

A Hundred Osamas: Islamist Threats and the Future of Counterinsurgency
Sherifa Zahur. Strategic Studies Institute, Army War College, December 2005 (.pdf file).

Mother. Daughter. Sister. Bomber
Mia Bloom. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, November/December 2005. Posted on the University of Colorado, Boulder website (.pdf file).

Suicide Terrorism in the Middle East: Origins and Response
Martin Kramer and Robert Pape. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 16 November 2005.

Blowback Revisited
Peter Bergen and Alec Reynolds. Foreign Affairs, 01 November 2005. Posted on the New America website.

Accounting for Terror: Debunking the Paradigm of Inexpensive Terrorism
Joshua Prober. Policywatch #1041. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 01 November 2005.

Accounting for Terror: Debunking the Paradigm of Inexpensive Terrorism
Joshua Prober. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 01 November 2005.

Terrorism and Altruism - From Philosophy to Security: Can We Lessen the Danger of Terrorism?
Vladimir M. Koshkin. Journal of Homeland Security, November 2005.

Terror in Historical Context
Brian Michael Jenkins. United Press International, 28 October 2005. Posted on the RAND website.

Responding to Terrorism: A Global Stocktake
Gareth Evans. Keynote Address to Calouste Gulbenkian Conference on Terrorism and International Relations, Lisbon, 25 October 2005.

When Suicide Bombing Reaches the Tipping Point
Sam Grier. NATO Defense College, October 2005 (.pdf file).

The Dangers of Political Exclusion: Egypt's Islamist Problem
Bassma Kodmani. Carnegie Paper #63. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 2005 (.pdf file).

Humiliation a Factor in Suicide Attacks
Steven Gutkin. Associated Press, 29 September 2005.

The Suicide Attack Phenomenon
Ophir Falk, et. al. International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, 11 September 2005.

Ideology in Terrorism and Counter Terrorism: Lessons from Combating Al Qaeda and Al Jemaah Al Islamiyah in Southeast Asia
Rohan Gunaratna. CSRC Discussion Paper, September 2005 (.pdf file).

Winds of Change
Stephen A. Boyko and Merle Coe. In the National Interest, September 2005.

Some Thoughts On The London Bombs
Maria Rasmussen. Strategic Insights, September 2005.

A Clash of Systems: An Analytical Framework to Demystify the Radical Islamist Threat
Andrew Harvey, Ian Sullivan, and Ralph Groves. Parameters, Autumn 2005.

A Military Guide to Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century
U.S. Army DCSINT Handbook, 15 August 2005 (.pdf file).

The Truth About Jihad
Max Rodenbeck. New York Review of Books, 11 August 2005.

Gangs in Search of an Ideology
Michael Radu. FPRI, August 2005.

Terror and Terrorism: A History of Ideas and Philosophical-Ethical Reflections
Brig. Gen. Edwin R. Micewski. Strategic Insights, August 2005 (.pdf file).

Why Do They Hate Us? Not Because of Iraq
Olivier Roy. New York Times, 22 July 2005.

It's Not Who We Are, It's What We Do: What Can Terrorists Teach Us?
Fred Kaplan. Slate.com, 20 July 2005.

The Logic of Suicide Terrorism: It's the Occupation, Not the Fundamentalism - Empire?
Scott McConnell. American Conservative, 18 July 2005. Posted on the Global Policy Forum website.

Iraq, Internet Fuel Growth of Global Jihad
Dan Murphy. Christian Science Monitor, 12 July 2005.

Toward a Transatlantic Consensus on the Nature of the Threat
Jason S. Purcell and Joshua D. Weintraud, eds. Compendium of papers presented at a conference on "Topics in Terrorism," 29-30 November 2004 (.pdf file). Posted in July 2005.

Suicide Terrorism as Strategy: Case Studies of Hamas and the Kurdistan Workers Party
Ali Wyne. Strategic Insights, July 2005 (.pdf file).

From Old Wars to New Wars and Global Terrorism
N. Johnson et al. Documentos de Economía, Universidad Javeriana - Bogotá, 29 June 2005.

Terrorist Beheadings: Cultural and Strategic Implications
Ronald H. Jones. Strategic Studies Institute, June 2005 (.pdf file).

Guantánamo Comes to Define U.S. to Muslims
Somini Sengupta and Salman Masood. New York Times, 21 May 2005.

Blowing Up an Assumption
Robert A. Pape. New York Times, 19 May 2005. Posted on the International Herald Tribune website.

Terrorist Motivations for the Use of Extreme Violence
Maj. Jaime Gomez, Jr., USAF. Strategic Insights, May 2005 (.pdf file).

The Psychology of Terrorism: 'Syndrome' versus 'Tool' Perspectives
Arie W. Kruglanski. Presented at conference on "Working Together: R & D Partnerships in Homeland Security," 27-28 April 2005. Posted on the University of Maryland website. NOTE: Will open as a Word document.

America's Irregullar Enemies
Col Thomas Hammes. XVI Annual Strategy Conference. Strategic Studies Institute, 12-14 April 2004.

The Bottom Line
Michael Scheuer. On Point Counter Terrorism Journal, April 2005.

What are the Roots of Terrorism
Defense and the National Interest, 09 March 2005.

Understanding Islamism
Middle East/North Africa Report #37. International Crisis Group, 02 March 2005 (.pdf file).

Arab Volunteers Killed in Iraq: an Analysis
Reuven Paz. Project for the Research of Islamist Movements Occasional Papers, March 2005 (.pdf file).

Terrorism - A Cultural Phenomenon?
Ana Serafim. Connections, PfP Consortium Quarterly Journal, March 2005. Posted on the CIAOnet website (.pdf file).

Distribution of Transnational Terrorism Among Countries By Income Classes and Geography After 9/11
Walter Enders and Todd Sandler. Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events. University of Southern California, January 2005 (Note: will open as a Powerpoint presentation).

Warning Indicators, Terrorist Finances, and Terrorist Adaptation
Phil Williams. Strategic Insights, January 2005 (.pdf file).

The Greedy Terrorist: A Rational-Choice Perspective on Terrorist Organizations' Inefficiencies and Vulnerabilities
Jacob Shapiro. Strategic Insights, January 2005 (.pdf file).

Briefing on the Study of Durable Political Violence and Policy Recommendations
Social Science Research Council, 2005 (.pdf file).

Exploring Religious Conflict
Gregory F. Treverton et al. RAND, 2005 (.pdf file).

Trends in Terrorism: Threats to the United States and the Future of theTerrorism Risk Insurance Act
RAND, 2005 (.pdf file).

"Connecting the Dots"; in Intelligence: Detecting Terrorist Threats in the Out-of-the-Ordinary
RAND, 2005 (.pdf file).

Aptitude for Destruction, Vol 1: Organizational Learning in Terrorist Groups and Its Implications for Combating Terrorism
RAND, 2005 (.pdf file).

Aptitude for Destruction, Volume 2: Case Studies of Organizational Learning in Five Terrorist Groups
RAND, 2005 (.pdf file).

An Alternate Military Strategy for the War on Terrorism
Peter J. Canonico Naval Postgraduate School, December 2004 (.pdf file).

Assessing America's War on Terror: Confronting Insurgency, Cementing Primacy
Ashley J. Tellis. Carnegie Endowment, December 2004 (.pdf file).

Toward a Transatlantic Consensus on the Nature of the Threat
Jason S. Purcell and Joshua D. Weintraub, eds. Compendium of papers presented at a conference "Topics in Terrorism" sponsored by the Atlantic Council, 29-30 November 2004 (.pdf file).

The New Terrorism: The Nature of the War on Terrorism
Michael W. Kometer. School of Advanced Airpower Studies, July 2004 (.pdf file).

Militant Groups: Beneath Bombast and Bombs, a Cauldron of Humiliation
Jessica Stern. Los Angeles Times, 06 June 2004. Posted on the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs website at Harvard University.

Why Terrorists are Targeting Islam's Holiest Land
The Economist, 03 June 2004.

Mishandling Suicide Terrorism
Scott Atran. Washington Quarterly, Summer 2004 (.pdf file).

Female Suicide Bombers
Debra D. Zedalis. Strategic Studies Institute, June 2004 (.pdf file).

Terrorists and Their Tools- Part I
Riaz Hassan. YaleGlobal, 23 April 2004.

The Origins of the New Terrorism
Matthew J. Morgan. Parameters, Spring 2004.

Russian Perspectives On Terrorism
Dr. Mark A Smith. Conflict Studies Research Centre, January 2004. Posted on the Commonwealth Institute website (.pdf file).

The Historical Roots of Current Terrorist Tactics and Methods
Sammy Salama and Kathleen Thompson. Center for Nonproliferation Studies, 21 November 2003.

Our Role in the Terror
Karen Armstrong. The Guardian (UK), 18 September 2003.

How America Created a Terrorist Haven
Jessica Stern. The New York Times, 20 August 2003. Posted on the Truthout website.

There Are No Dangerous Weapons
Michael Hopmeier, Boaz Ganor, Tress Goodwin, and Debra S. Greinke. Journal of Homeland Security, July 2003.

Socio-economic Roots of Radicalism? Towards Explaining the Appeal of Islamic Radicals
Alan Richards. Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, July 2003. Posted on the USAF Air War College web site.

Socio-economic Roots of Radicalism? Towards Explaining the Appeal of Islamic Radicals
Alan Richards. Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, July 2003.

The Sources of Islamic Terror (review essay)
Fred Siegel. Blueprint Magazine, 30 June 2003. Democratic Leadership Council.

The Logic of Suicide Terrorism
Bruce Hoffman. The Atlantic Monthly, June 2003.

Terrorism & Development:  Using Social and Economic Development to Inhibit a Resurgence of Terrorism
Kim Cragin and Peter Chalk. RAND, 2003.

Does Islamic Terrorism Have a Strategy?
A Meeting with Steve Emerson. The Nixon Center, 3 March 2003.

Regional Demographics and the War on Terrorism
Brian Nichiporuk. RUSI Journal, February 2003. Posted on the Rand website.

Failed Economic Take-Offs and Terrorism:  Conceptualizing a Proper Role for US Assistance to Pakistan
Robert Looney. Strategic Insights, 1 February 2003. Center for Contemporary Conflict, Naval Post Graduate School.

Blank Spot on the Map: How Trade Policy is Working Against the War on Terror
Edward Gresser. Progressive Policy Institute. Policy Report, February 2003.

The Transformation of Terrorism:  The New Terrorism, Impact Scalability and the Dynamic of Reciprocal Threat Perception
Doron Zimmermann. Center for Security Studies, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 2003.

New Century, Old Problems:  The Global Insurgency within Islam and the Nature of the War on Terror
Grant R. Highland. Essays 2003:  Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Strategy Essay Competition. Institute for National Security Studies, NDU, 2003.

The Myth of Cyberterrorism
Joshua Green. The Washington Monthly, November 2002.

Assessing the Cost of Terrorism
Peter Navarro and Aron Spencer. Milken Institute Review, Fourth Quarter 2001.

CIA Concerned US War on Terror is Missing Root Causes
Agence France Presse, 29 October 2002. Posted on the Global Policy Forum website.

Terrorism, the Future and U.S. Foreign Policy
Rensselaer Lee and Raphael Perl. CRS Issue Brief for Congress, 18 October 2002. Posted on the Foreign Press Centers, US State Department website.

Dark Networks:  The Structure, Operation, and Performance of International Drug, Terror, and Arms Trafficking Networks
H. Brinton Milward and Jorg Raab. Presented at the International Conference on the Empirical Study of Governance, Management and Performance, Barcelona, 4-5 October 2002.

Terrorist Financing
William F. Wechsler and Lee S. Wolosky. Independent Task Force Report. Council on Foreign Relations, October 2002.

Terror In the Shadow of the Cold War
Andrew Tait. International Relations and Security Network, 11 September 2002. Posted on the Global Policy Forum website.

The attacks of 9/11: Evidence of a Clash of Religions?
David G. Kibble. Parameters, Autumn 2002.

"9/11" and After
Sir Michael Howard. Naval War College Review, Autumn 2002. Posted on the Find Articles website.

The Economic Cost of Terrorism
Brian S. Wesbury. International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State, 10 September 2002.

Focus On the Political Roots of Sept. 11
Zbigniew Brzezinski. New York Times, 4 September 2002. Posted on the Global Policy Forum website.

Terrorism and the English Language
Lorraine Adams. The Washington Monthly, September 2002.

The Futile Search for "Root Causes" of Terrorism
Michael Radu. American Diplomacy, 16 August 2002.

Transnational Terrorism and the al-Qaeda Model: Confronting New Realities
Paul J. Smith. Parameters, Summer 2002.

Do Terrorist Networks Need a Home?
Ray Takeyh and Nikolas Gvosdev. The Washington Quarterly, Summer 2002.

How Disruptive is Terrorism for Conflict Analysis? New Strategic and Economic Tools for Defense Policy
Renaud Bellais and Gilles LeBlanc. Presented at "Sixth Annual Middlesex Conference on Economics and Security", a conference sponsored by the Middlesex University Business School, 21-22 June 2002.

The Economic Consequences of Global Terrorism
Workshop Programme. DIW Berlin, 14-15 June 2002.

Papers from a Workshop:  The Economic Consequences of Global Terrorism
German Institute for Economic Research. "The Economic Consequences of Global Terrorism", 14 June 2002.

The Cost of Terrorism
Daily Policy Digest. National Center for Policy Analysis, 15 May 2002.

The Economic Costs of Terrorism
Jim Saxton. Joint Economic Committee US Congress, May 2002.

Transnational Terrorism 1968-2000: Thresholds, Persistence, and Forecasts
Walter Enders and Todd Sandler. American Political Science Association, May 2002. Posted on the University of Alabama website.

Patterns of Global Terrorism 2001
U.S. State Department, May 2002.

The Psychology of Terrorism
Clark McCauley. Social Science Research Council, 2002.

Gender, Class, and Terrorism
Michael Kimmel. Chronicle of Higher Education, 8 February 2002.

Before Taliban: Genealogies of the Afghan Jihad
David B. Edwards. University of California Press, 2002.

Roots of Terrorism Initiative
Institute for Social Research. University of Michigan, 2002.

Is Cyber Terror Next?
Dorothy Denning. Social Science Research Council, 18 January 2002.

The Rise of Complex Terrorism
Thomas Homer-Dixon. Foreign Policy, 15 January 2002. Posted on the IGC website.

Discouraging Terrorism: Some Implications of 9/11
Neil J. Smelser and Faith Mitchell. Panel on Understanding Terrorists in Order to Deter Terrorism, Center for Social and Economic
Studies, 2002. Posted on the National Academy Press website.

Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Insights and Perspectives After September 11
Peter Van Harn, et. al. Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael, December 2001.

When Devils Walk The Earth:  The Mentality and Roots of Terrorism, and How to Respond
Ralph Peters. Center for Emerging Threats and Opportunities, December 2001. Posted on the Science Technology and Information Network website (.pdf file).

Trading on Terrorism:  What Free Trade Does for National Security (Nothing)
Jeff Faux. American Prospect, 3 December 2001.

Re-thinking Terrorism in Light of a War on Terrorism
Bruce Hoffman. Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Terrorism and Homeland Security, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 26 September 2001.

Cities and Warfare: The Impact of Terrorism on Urban Form
Edward L. Glaeser and Jesse M. Shapiro. Discussion Paper #1942. Harvard Institute of Economic Research, December 2001.

Beyond Political Terrorism: The New Challenge of Transcendent Terror
Jeffrey S. Helmreich. Jerusalem Letter / Viewpoints, November 2001.

Al-Qaeda and the Global Reach of Terrorism
Hearing before the US House International Relations Committee, 3 October 2001.

Skandalon 2001: The Religious Practices of Modern Satanists and Terrorists
Dawn Perlmutter. Anthropoetics, Fall 2001/Winter 2002.

Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy
John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt. RAND, 2001.

Cyber Protests Related to the War on Terrorism: The Current Threat
National Infrastructure Protection Center, November 2001.

The Roots of Terrorism, and a Strategy Against It
Anatol Lieven. Prospects magazine, October 2001. Posted on the Carnegie Endowment website.

Cyber Attacks During the War on Terrorism: A Predictive Analysis
Michael A. Vatis. Institute for Security Technology Studies, 22 Sept. 2001.

Osama Bin Laden: How the U.S. Helped Midwife a Terrorist
Ahmed Rashid. The Public i, 13 September 2001. Center for Public Integrity. Posted on the New Humanist website.

The Terrorist Threat and U.S. Government Response
James M. Smith and William C. Thomas. USAF Institute for National Security Studies, March 2001.

Suicide Bombing: No Warning, and No Total Solution
John Daly. Jane's Terrorism and Security Monitor, September 2001.

Suicide terrorism: a global threat
Jane's Intelligence Review (20 October 2000)

Rational Fanatics
Ehud Sprinzak. Foreign Policy, September/October 2000.

Terrorism: Middle Eastern Groups and State Sponsors, 2000
Kenneth Katzman. CRS Report to Congress, 17 August 2000.

The Strategic Implications of Terrorism
Paul Wilkinson. In Terrorism and Political Violence: A Sourcebook, ed., M.L.Sondhi. Indian Council of Social Science Research. Har-anand Publications, 2000. Posted on the Commonwealth Institute website.

Combating Terrorism: Assessing the Threat
John V. Parachini. Testimony before the House Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations, 20 October 1999. Posted on the Center for Nonproliferation Studies website.

Terrorism's New Breed
Jose Vegar. The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, March/April 1998.

The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism:  Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why?
Marilyn Majeska. Library of Congress, September 1999. Posted on the USAF Air War College web site.

Asymmetric Warfare, the Evolution and Devolution of Terrorism; The Coming Challenge for Emergency and National Security Forces
Clark L. Staten. Defense and the National Interest, 27 April 1998.

Post-modern Terrorism
Walter Laqueur. USIA Electronic Journal (Feb. 1997). Reprint from Foreign Affairs (September/October 1996).

Blowback
Mary Anne Weaver. The Atlantic (May 1996)

Patterns of Global Terrorism
Washington DC: Department of the State, Reports 1995-2000.

Fear and Trembling: Terrorism in Three Religious Traditions
David C. Rapoport. The American Political Science Review, September 1984. Posted on the UCLA website (.pdf file).

Voices of Jihad Database
RAND Database.

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